Chemistry:
CHM 1025C/CHM 1032C
Laboratory Manual
Spring 2010 Term
Written,
modified, and/or adapted by
Professor John Taylor, Dr. Joseph Langat,
and Dr. Kathleen Laurenzo
Reviewed, Edited
and/or Revised by
Dr. Marcelle Bessman, Dr.
Stephen Lukacs, Dr. Vandon White,
Dr. Terry Waggoner, Dr. George Odongo, Dr.
Reed Freeman,
Dr. Paula Thompson,
Professor Barbi Baker,
Professor Peter Mullen, and
Professor Rhoda Yost
Some Content
Originally Supplied by:
Dr. Andrea Wallace, CGCC and
Dr. David Summers,
North Campus
Spring 2010 Tentative
Laboratory Schedule
Week
1. Welcome/Laboratory Notebook
Lab
Safety Film Notes
Lab Safety Rules and Safety Contract
Laboratory Diagram
Laboratory Equipment
NFPA
and HMIS Safety Codes
2. The Scientific Method/Controlled Experiment:
Analysis of the “Andromeda Strain”
Movie
3. Introduction to Measurement/Metric
System
Bean
Jar Experiment
Gasoline Project
4. Density (and Specific Heat Option)
5. Graphing Data
6. Atomic
Spectra/Dot Structures/Nomenclature
7. Chemical and Physical Properties
8. Cation Analysis
9. Anion Analysis and/or Case of the Six White
Powers
10. Analysis
of a Hydrate
11. Video “Who
Killed the Electric Car”
12. REDOX
Challenge Contest
13. Alka
Seltzer Analysis
14. Preparation
of Aspirin or Acid/Base Titration
or Molecular
Mass of a Gas via Vapor Density
15. Organic Structures and Isomer Number Problems
16. Laboratory Practical
CHM 1025C/CHM 1032C
Laboratory Guidelines
As you know from your syllabus, your chemistry labs will account for 20% or more of your final grade in this course. As such, it would be in your best interest to complete your lab work in a timely and conscientious manner. The following is a set of guidelines which will help you make the most of your lab grade:
1) Welcome to college: coherent sentences required. Points will be deducted for incorrect spelling, bad grammar, and other miscellaneous abuse of the English language.
2) Watch your values. Significant figure and rounding errors will result in appropriate deductions, in both data and calculations. If you are not sure how to round a number or how many sig figs you should have, ASK.
3) Your Lab Instructor/Assistant are not cryptographers. If we cannot read your handwriting, we will assume that you have the wrong answer. Do not cram data or answers in the margins of your lab manual; use a separate sheet of paper and indicate the question number or label your data appropriately. If we have to guess, we will guess that you are incorrect.
4) Poor results will result in significant deductions. Do your work carefully, paying close attention to precision and accuracy, and asking questions BEFORE a crisis occurs. Always remember that doing the lab slowly but correctly the first time takes much less time than doing it wrong and having to do it over.
5) Late work will be penalized by at least
20 percent deduction per week unless
authorized by the instructor, so turn your work in on time for full
credit. This point deduction is subject
to increase at your instructor’s discretion.
Pre and post labs are due at the beginning
of the lab, not 5 minutes after lab starts.
Your work will be considered late if it is not submitted as you enter
the lab.
6) Values without units mean absolutely nothing, so make sure to add the appropriate units to all values unless they are provided for you on the report sheet.
7) Failing to write your name on your lab means more guesswork for your lab instructor/assistant…and an automatic 25% penalty.
8) You are required INDIVIDUALLY to work each experiment except when noted you may work with a partner. Copying results and/or answers from anyone WILL NOT be tolerated. Even if you and your partner work together on the post lab, if you can’t find an original way to show your calculations or word your answers, chances are you don’t understand it anyway. Any copying will result in a deduction of the total points possible for all values and/or answers that were copied.
CHM 1025C/CHM 1032C
Welcome to the
Chemistry Lab D-204
Introduction
The experiments in
this lab manual have been chosen to introduce you to some basic and important
laboratory equipment and techniques. In
addition, some of the experiments provide an opportunity for you to test your
laboratory skills by analyzing “unknown” samples. Each experiment is designed to be completed
within a two-hour period. You should be
able to complete the work in the time allotted.
This time allotment does assume, however, that before coming to the
laboratory you have read the introduction to the experiment, have answered the
pre-laboratory problems (which introduce needed concepts), and have carefully
read the experimental procedure.
Laboratory Notebook and Reports
Student Must purchase a Laboratory Research Notebook in the bookstore,
ISBN #r 9781930882508 for ~$12.50. All students must use this Notebook. This notebook has 50 NCR duplicate pages. One page will remain in your notebook as a permanent copy, the other is designed to be torn out and submitted to your instructor. A lab report must be submitted for each experiment that you perform.
For most experiments, the report will be in three
parts:
(1) the pre-lab due at the beginning of the lab
period,
(2) the data and observations collected while in the
lab, and
(3) the calculations and post-lab questions to be
completed after the procedure.
The majority of the labs in this manual have a data recording and report sheet created for you to copy in your Laboratory Research Notebook as part of your pre-Lab Activity. If no report sheet is provided, you must create your own in your laboratory notebook.
All submitted recordings and reports must be neatly handwritten, and should contain the following elements, when applicable, in the order given:
Pre Lab (do NOT tear out your pre-Lab report from your notebook unless directed to do so. Your instructor will initial your pre-lab report during the beginning of lab):
1. Your name, section number, and date.
2. The title of the experiment and the date on which it is performed.
3. Answers to any pre-lab problems must be written in your notebook (unless your instructor requests you to submit the hard copy handout-filled out before the lab). Then the actual data recording page must be neatly laid out in your notebook.
Data and Observations:
4. All data and observations are to be entered directly into your notebook as you go through the experiment. Each student must record his/her own data. Do not use a sheet of paper and then transcribe the data into the notebook later. Do not record data in any datasheet you are given. Neatness is important, but honesty and accuracy are equally as important.
Numerical
data must be identified by a tag (e.g. “mass of Erlenmeyer flask – empty”)
and include units (g, mL, etc.). Use
the correct number of significant figures to report your data.
For example:
Mass of empty Erlenmeyer flask 52.650 g, not 52.65
Mass of flask + benzoic acid 53.000 g, not 53
Note
that you record both masses, not just the difference between the two. Similarly, for measurements with a buret, you
should record both the initial and final buret readings, not just the
difference between them. See the sample Data Recording Sheet provided with the
experiment. (You first two buret readings must be initialized by your instructor as
with many of your other first reading with measuring equipment.)
All data is
to be entered in ink; no pencils and no erasures. If an error
is made in recording data, draw a single line through the mistake, correct it
nearby and initial the correction. Do
not obliterate any entry. If a
substantial portion of a page is to be discarded, cross the material out with
an X.
Neatness
and care in recording data and calculations are a plus, but it is more important that the notebook be an
immediate and permanent record, “warts and all”, of everything that happened in
the lab.
Turn in
your duplicates with your report.
NOTEBOOK ORGANIZATION
5.
Title Page:
List your name, address and phone number along with the course section and
instructor name. At the bottom, Copy the
Lab Safety Contract and sign it.
Table of
Contents: fill in the list of
experiments as you go into the cover which has the Table of Contents. List the date, title and beginning page
number of each experiment. You will turn
this in at the end of the semester
Before coming to the lab, read the experiment to be
done and do the prelab exercises. In
your notebook, write a title and the date of the experiment, a brief statement
of purpose. Make notes in your notebook
and work out a tentative procedure and data tables to be filled in. This is called “preparing your notebook to accept data” and will save you time as
well as organizing your thinking. It is
usually not possible to anticipate everything.
Make any corrections and additional observations as you work through the
lab.
Experiment #1 Safety Lab and
Lab Orientation
a. On page 2 of your lab notebook you will begin the
Safety Lab. At the top of the page place your name, section number and the
date. Then, place the title:
Safety Lab
b. Then place a subheading: ACS Safety Film Notes:
As you watch the film, record notes or emphasized statements which will become
a rough set of safety rules.
c. Make a
rough sketch of the room in your notebook. Label on the sketch the following: Safety shower, emergency eyewash,
safety blanket, goggle/glasses cabinet, first aide kit, two major wash up sinks
for hand washing and hardware equipment drawers identified by the instructor.
d. On a new
page (page 3) as a post lab report, list at least 20 or more lab safety rules
from the three handouts and the ACS film.
e. On the separate page
(page 4) of your lab notebook Sketch the NFPA symbol and then copy a more
detailed or specific hazard for each NFPA numeric category from the Safety
Codes handout. Explain what each number represents in each category
f. In your lab notebook on
a separate page (Page 5) sketch the HMIS Labeling System and list the
descriptions for each number for each category.
g. In your lab notebook (at
the bottom of page 5), state the purpose behind both system and why they are
different.
h. Using Chemical Date
Bases on the Internet, copy on a new page (Page 6) in your notebook the data
sheet from the MSDS Assignment handout and fill in the form for the chemical
assigned and submit this page by the second lab period.
(Instructor’s note: Safety
Lab will be the longest report in this course as it requires a lot of copying
of information you may need during a lab and/or handling chemicals. Most
reports are usually only one, two or three pages in length depending on the
calculations.)
Final Report – Non Formal:
6. If you have copied a printed report sheet from this manual you have two copies in your research notebook. Include a copy of this data and its summary in your final report. Also include your name, section number, and date on every page.
7. Calculations: There should be a separate section devoted to the calculations unless the data report sheet has left room for a simple calculation, such as the Density Lab. Otherwise, the calculations should be completely separate from your data and results. You must show every mathematical calculation that you perform.
8. Answers to any Post Lab questions and/or conclusions belong on separate page in your notebook unless ample room is obviously provided.
Final REPORTS –
Formal:
Most
of labs include a datasheet that will serve as your non formal report. However
there will at least one lab, usually the last week, requiring a more formal
report. The following format should be
used.
A. Title: the name and number of the experiment, name of your lab partner(s), if
any, and the dates of the experiment and of the report.
B. Purpose or Abstract: a statement describing the major goals of the
experiment.
C. Procedure: describe how you went about the experiment. Usually a reference to the handout will
suffice; however, you should mention any changes or deviation from the
procedure as given to you. Rewriting the
whole procedure is an unnecessary duplication of effort.
D. Data: record, in tabular format where possible, all pertinent data collected,
calculated values and results. It is
often appropriate to have two tables, one for original data and another for
results.
E. Calculations: show equations and calculations used to arrive at final
results. A general formula and one example are sufficient for repetitive
calculations. Include here any required
graphs.
F. Conclusions: discuss the
results of the experiment and how they relate to the concepts in the reading
material. Was the stated purpose
achieved? If not, why not? Include a discussion of major possible errors
and their impact on the experiment. The
conclusion section is the most important part of the report and has the most
influence on your grade. The prelab
mini-lecture will give you information about the important points of the
lab. Listen carefully and take notes.
G.
Post-lab:
Answer any questions or exercises included as part of the experiment.
9. Pre and Post Lab calculations are designed to be performed individually, with the answers given to the correct number of significant figures and with the correct units.
10. Pre and Post Lab questions are designed to be answered individually. Answers should be concise, legible, and in your own words (do not plagiarize or otherwise copy from texts, websites, or your classmates).
Sample
Safety Contract – Lab Notebook Page 1
|
Exp #: One |
Experiment/Subject: Laboratory Safety Contract |
Title Page |
Date:
/ /09 |
Page 01 |
|
|
Name: |
Lab Partner: |
Course: CHM 10__ C |
Section # |
Name: _________________________ Email: ____________________________
Address: _______________________ 2nd Email: _________________________
_______________________________ Phone #: __________________________
__________________ Cell Phone: ________________________
Course: CHM 1025C/CHM 1032C
Section #: __________
Professor: _______________________
I,
____________________________, have watched the ACS Laboratory Safety Film. I
have read four different sets of Safety Rules from various colleges provided by
my instructor. I have synthesized from these rules and the safety film a list
of at least 20 rules written in this Laboratory Notebook which I agree to abide
during all formal laboratory activities and experiences in FSCJ North Campus’s
D-204 Chemistry Lab. I agree to wear proper safety glass at all times during
lab activity, regardless if I, myself, am not currently performing any
activity. I agree to lose points on my current lab if I am not wearing these
safety glasses. I understand that protective aprons and gloves are available at
my option to use during formal lab activity. I have sketched in this laboratory
notebook, the layout of the North Campus Chemistry Lab D-204 and have noted the
placement of all safety features, equipment and supplies in this Post Lab
Safety Report.
Signed:
_______________________Date:________________
|
Signature: |
Date: |
Witness/TA: |
Date: |
Spring 2010 Chemistry Schedule
– FSCJ North Campus
–
The following are the scheduled CHM
1025C and CHM 1032C Courses at North campus. All six CHM 1025C sections and the
six sections highlighted of CHM 1032C will be doing the same experiment each
week. If you are absent from a lab there is no makeup. However, with the
permission of your instructor and the other scheduled lab instructor, you may
on an emergency basis attend and complete that weeks lab at an alternate time.
CHM 1025C (23
sections-district-wide, 1 hybrid, [6@North] )
|
CHM1025C - Introduction to General Chemistry |
4 Credits |
|
Additional Fee: $15 |
|
|
Description: This course is an introduction to the concepts of
inorganic chemistry including structures of matter, atomic theory,
nomenclature, bonding, gases, solutions, equilibrium, and acids and bases.
This course is for students who have had no previous chemistry and plan to
major in science, engineering, pre-medicine or pharmacy. |
|
CHM 1025C
|
314408 |
NORTH CAMPUS |
D0207 |
9:00AM to 11:00AM |
TR |
1/11/2010 - 5/7/2010 |
Langat, Joseph |
|
|
NORTH CAMPUS |
D0204 |
11:15AM to 1:15PM |
R |
1/11/2010 - 5/7/2010 |
Langat, Joseph |
|
314409 |
NORTH CAMPUS |
D0207 |
1:30PM to 3:30PM |
MW |
1/11/2010 - 5/7/2010 |
TAYLOR,JOHN T |
|
|
NORTH CAMPUS |
D0204 |
11:15AM to 1:15PM |
M |
1/11/2010 - 5/7/2010 |
White, Vandon |
|
314410 |
NORTH CAMPUS |
D0204 |
11:15AM to 1:15PM |
T |
1/11/2010 - 5/7/2010 |
TAYLOR,JOHN T |
|
|
NORTH CAMPUS |
D0207 |
1:30PM to 3:30PM |
TR |
1/11/2010 - 5/7/2010 |
TAYLOR,JOHN T |
|
314412 |
NORTH CAMPUS |
D0203 |
5:00PM to 7:00PM |
TR |
1/11/2010 - 5/7/2010 |
Langat, Joseph |
|
|
NORTH CAMPUS |
D0204 |
7:15PM to 9:15PM |
T |
1/11/2010 - 5/7/2010 |
Langat, Joseph |
|
314413 |
NORTH CAMPUS |
D0204 |
5:00PM to 7:00PM |
M |
1/11/2010 - 5/7/2010 |
White, Vandon |
|
|
NORTH CAMPUS |
D0207 |
7:15PM to 9:15PM |
MW |
1/11/2010 - 5/7/2010 |
Taylor, John T |
|
341414 |
NORTH CAMPUS |
D0207 |
8:30PM to 12:30PM |
S |
1/11/2010 - 5/7/2010 |
Odongo, George |
|
|
NORTH CAMPUS |
D0204 |
1:00PM to 3:00PM |
S |
1/11/2010 - 5/7/2010 |
Odongo, George |
The CHM 1032C Hybrid Classes
scheduled at North campus use the virtual lab and do not following the ‘Wet”
lab schedule or do the same experiments.
CHM 1032C (25
sections-district-wide, 6 hybrid, [10@North/Nassau] )
|
CHM1032C - Principles of General Chemistry |
4 Credits |
|
Description: Students will benefit by taking high school algebra
or MAT 1033 prior to enrolling in this course. This course is an introduction
to the concepts of inorganic chemistry including structures of matter, atomic
theory, nomenclature, bonding, bases and introduction to organic chemistry.
This course is for students who have had no previous chemistry and plan to
major in dental hygiene, medical technology, nursing or health related
fields. |
|
CHM 1032C
|
314415 |
NORTH CAMPUS |
D0207 |
9:00AM to 11:00AM |
MW |
1/11/2010 - 5/7/2010 |
Waggoner, Terry |
|||||||||||||
|
|
NORTH CAMPUS |
D0204 |
11:00AM to 1:00PM |
W |
1/11/2010 - 5/7/2010 |
Waggoner, Terry |
|||||||||||||
|
314416 |
North Campus |
D0204 |
9:00AM to 11:00AM |
T |
1/11/2010 - 5/7/2010 |
Laurenzo, Kathleen |
|||||||||||||
|
|
North Campus |
D0207 |
11:15AM to 1:15PM |
TR |
1/11/2010 - 5/7/2010 |
Laurenzo, Kathleen |
|||||||||||||
|
314417 |
North Campus |
D0207 |
11:00AM to 1:00PM |
MW |
1/11/2010 - 5/7/2010 |
Laurenzo, Kathleen |
|||||||||||||
|
|
North Campus |
D0204 |
1:15PM to 3:15PM |
M |
1/11/2010 - 5/7/2010 |
Laurenzo, Kathleen |
|||||||||||||
|
314419 |
NORTH CAMPUS |
D0210 |
9:00AM to 1:00PM |
F |
1/11/2010 - 5/7/2010 |
Freeman, Reed |
|||||||||||||
|
|
NORTH CAMPUS |
D0204 |
2:00PM to 4:00PM |
F |
1/11/2010 - 5/7/2010 |
Freeman, Reed |
|||||||||||||
|
314420 |
North Campus |
DO204 |
5:00PM to 7:00PM |
T |
1/11/2010 - 5/7/2010 |
Freeman, Reed |
|||||||||||||
|
|
North Campus |
DO207 |
7:15PM to 9:15PM |
TR |
1/11/2010 - 5/7/2010 |
Freeman, Reed |
|||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
|
314421 |
NORTH CAMPUS |
A0171 |
5:30PM to 9:30PM |
W |
1/11/2010 – 4/1/2010 |
Lukacs, Stephen |
|||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||||||||
|
314422 |
NORTH CAMPUS |
D0205 |
9:00AM to Noon |
W |
1/11/2010 - 5/7/2010 |
LUKACS JR,STEPHEN J |
|||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||||||||
|
314428 |
|
A0207 |
9:00AM to Noon |
R |
1/11/2010 - 5/7/2010 |
LUKACS JR,STEPHEN J |
|||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||||||||
|
314434 |
NORTH CAMPUS |
D0204 |
8:30PM to 10:30PM |
S |
1/11/2010 - 5/7/2010 |
White, Vandon |
|||||||||||||
|
|
NORTH CAMPUS |
D0210 |
10:30PM to 2:30PM |
S |
1/11/2010 - 5/7/2010 |
White, Vandon |
|||||||||||||
Laboratory Safety Rules
(main source: Dr. David Summers)
Laboratory accidents
can result in loss of time, damage to clothing and other property, and personal
injury. By following suitable
precautions, you can anticipate and prevent situations that could lead to
accidents.
You must make yourself completely familiar
with the following safety rules. You will be required to sign a
Laboratory Safety Contract stating that you have read these rules, agree to
abide by them, and have watched the ACS Safety Video. At the beginning of the second laboratory
period you may (instructor’s option) take a short multiple-choice and/or true
false quiz on the rules; if you miss more than one question, you must pass a
retest before you will be permitted in the laboratory. In your lab notebook copy at least 20 safety
rules from the three handouts and the ACS video. Then copy the Laboratory
Safety contract at the bottom of the first page and sign it plus submit to your
instructor the one to be held on file at FCCJ’s Laboratory Supervisor’s office.
Rules
- Do not work in the lab unless the lab assistant/supervisor
or instructor is present. No
unauthorized experimentation is allowed.
- Work carefully with full awareness of what you
are doing, so as to avoid dropping or breaking equipment or spilling
chemicals. Keep reagents and
equipment well back from the edge of the lab bench. Never run in the lab.
- You may
provide your own pair of safety glasses/goggles and wear them in
the lab at all times or you may wear the eye protection glasses available
in the cabinet in the lab room D-204. Safety glasses MUST meet or exceed
ANSI Z87.1 (this should be indicated on the packaging). A lab apron or lab coat should also be
worn at all times while working in the lab.
- You must wear shoes without open
spaces; sandals and open-toe shoes are not acceptable.
- Confine long hair and neckties;
they may catch fire, get into chemicals, or get caught in apparatus. Loose jewelry or rings can also be a
hazard. Frilly or flared clothing,
especially synthetics, are not safe around flames unless covered with a
lab apron or coat.
- Do not bring food or drink into
the lab. No eating or smoking is
permitted in the lab.
Never taste a chemical.
Smell a chemical by fanning the air over the container to waft the
vapor to your nose; never smell directly.
Do not touch chemicals with your hands unless specifically directed
to do so; if contact occurs, immediately flush the area with cool water.
- Mercury vapor is invisible but
toxic over time. A broken
thermometer should be reported immediately
to the instructor.
- Never look directly into an open vessel in which
a reaction is occurring that could cause spattering. When heating materials in any container,
be sure that the open end does not point in the direction of other persons
or yourself.
- If any chemical gets into your eyes, flush with
water for at least 15 minutes.
- In case of fire, turn off the burner first. If there is a fire in a beaker, try to
smother it with a watch glass or wet paper towel placed over the
beaker. For an open flame, use the
fire extinguisher pointed at the base of the flame. If the fire is uncontrollable, close all
windows and evacuate the room and pull the fire alarm located near the
emergency exit or in the hallway.
After evacuating to a safe place, call 911, and campus security @
766-6008 if you instructor is not present..
- Skin burns should immediately be placed under
cold running tap water for 5-10 minutes in order to remove the heat.
- If clothing catches on fire, use a fire blanket
or safety shower.
-
Do not force a glass tube or thermometer into a stopper; the glass can break and gash or stab you. Instead, lubricate the end of the glass with glycerin; hold both the glass and the stopper with a cloth towel to protect your hands; grasp the glass close to the stopper; insert with a slow twisting motion (see figure below). - Report all accidents and injuries to the
instructor as soon as emergency action has been initiated.
- Never place chemicals directly on the balance
pan. Instead, use a beaker, flask,
watch glass, or piece of weighing paper.
- Read the label on a bottle twice before using the
contents. Never contaminate the
contents of a bottle by putting reagents back into it. Do NOT waste reagents; if you take too
much, share it with others who still need your chemical.
- Label any sample or mixture that you prepare.
- Never mix any reagents unless specifically
directed to do so.
- When mixing water and acid, always add acid to
water otherwise violent spattering may occur. Remember the word “acid” alphabetically
comes before “water,” so acid-into-water.
- Dispose of waste chemicals as directed. If a waste container becomes full, tell
the instructor or lab assistant so they can get an empty replacement. Don’t just ignore the situation.
- Do not use cracked glassware, as it may break
when stress is put on it. Place
broken glassware in specifically designated containers in order to prevent
injury to the cleaning personnel.
- If you discover that bottles of chemicals need to
be refilled, tell the instructor or lab assistant.
- Keep the lab bench and tables clean. Wipe up all spills. Acid spills should be neutralized with sodium bicarbonate (which can be obtained from your instructor or lab assistant).
