Table of Contents: Hein 11th
Edition
I. An Introduction
to Chemistry (Chapter 1) (.5) 1
1.1 Why study Chemistry? 2
1.2 The Nature of Chemistry 2
1.3 The Process of Chemistry 3
1.4 The Scientific Method 5
1.5 Relationship of Chemistry
to Other
Sciences and Industry 6
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION
Household
Pollution---A Health Hazard? 7
1.6 Risks and Benefits 8
Key Terms 9
II. Standards of Measurement (Chapter 2) (5) 10
2.1 Mass and Weight
11
2.2 Measurements and
Significant Figures 12
2.3 Rounding Off Numbers
15
2.4 Scientific Figures in
Calculations
15
2.5. Significant Figures in
Calculations 17
2.6 The Metric System
19
2.7 Measurement of Length 20
2.8 Problem Solving
21
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION
Keeping Track of Units
26
2.9 Measurement of Mass
26
2.10 Measurement of Volume
28
2.11 Measurement of Temperature
30
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION
Invisible Thermometers
31
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION
Taking the Temperature of
Old Faithful
33
2.12 Density
34
Concepts in Review
38
Key Terms
38
Questions, Paired
Exercises, Additional Exercises
38
Challenge Exercises 42
Answers to Practice Exercises
43
III. Classification
of Matter (Chapter 3) (3) 44
3.1 Matter Defined
45
3.2 Physical States of Matter
45
3.3 Substances and Mixtures 46
3.4 Elements
48
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION
Nutrient Cocktails for Healthy Plants 49
3.5 Distribution of Elements
49
3.6 Names of Elements
51
3.7 Symbols of the Elements
51
3.8 Metals, Nonmetals, and
Metalloids
53
3.9 Compounds
55
3.10 Elements That Exist as
Diatomic Molecules
56
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION
Cars:
Is Hydrogen the Answer?
57
3.11 Chemical Formulas
58
3.12 Mixtures
59
Concepts in Review
61
Key Terms
61
Questions, Paired
Exercises, Additional Exercises
61
Challenge Exercises 64
Answers to Practice Exercises
64
IV. Properties
of Matter (Chapter 4) (4) 65
4.1 Properties of Substances
66
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION
Making Money 67
4.2 Physical Changes
67
4.3 Chemical Changes
68
4.4
Conservation of Mass
70
4.5 Energy 71
4.6 Heat: Quantitative Measurement
72
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION
Fast Food or Fast Fat?
74
4.7 Energy in Chemical Changes
75
4.8 Conservation of Energy
76
Concepts in Review
76
Key Terms
77
Questions, Paired
Exercises, Additional Exercises
77
Challenge Exercises 79
Answers to Practice Exercises
79
PUTTING IT TOGETHER
Review for Chapters 1-4
80
V. Early Atomic Theory and Structure(Chapter
5) (3)
83
5.1 Early Thoughts
84
5.2
5.3 Composition of Compounds
85
5.4 The Nature of Electric
Charge
86
5.5 Discovery of Icons
87
5.6 Subatomic Parts of the
Atom
87
5.7 The Nuclear Atom
90
5.8 General Arrangement of
Subatomic Particles 91
5.9 Atomic Numbers of the elements
92
5.10 Isotopes of the Elements 92
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION
Isotope Detectives
93
5.11 Atomic Mass
94
CHEMISTRY
IN ACTION
Real or Imitation? 97
Concepts in Review
98
Key Terms
98
Questions, Paired
Exercises, Additional Exercises
98
Challenge Exercises 101
Answers to Practice Exercises 101
VI. Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds(Chapter
6) (3) 102
6.1 Common and Systematic
Names 103
6.2 Elements and Ions 104
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION
What’s In a Name? 105
6.3 Writing Formulas from
Names of Compounds 108
6.4 Binary Compounds 110
6.5 Naming Compounds
Containing Polyatomic Ions 117
6.6 Acids 119
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION
Charges in Your life 121
Concepts in Review 121
Key Terms 121
Questions, Paired Exercises, Additional Exercises 121
Challenge Exercises 124
Answers to Practice
Exercises 124
PUTTING IT TOGETHER
Review for Chapters 5-6 125
VII. Quantitative Composition of Compounds(Chapter 7) (4) 127
7.1 The Mole 128
7.2 Molar Mass of Compounds 133
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION
The Taste of Chemistry 139
7.4 Empirical Formula versus
Molecular Formula 140
7.5 Calculating Empirical
Formulas 141
7.6 Calculating the Molecular
Formula from the Empirical Formula 143
Concepts in Review 145
Key Terms 145
Questions, Paired
Exercises, Additional Exercises 145
Challenge Exercises 149
Answers to Practice Exercises 149
VIII.
Chemical Equations (Chapter 8) (5) 150
8.1 The Chemical Equation 151
8.2 Writing and Balancing
Equations 152
8.3 What Information Does an
Equation Tell Us? 153
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION
CO
Poisoning—A Silent Killer 157
8.4 Types of Chemical
Equations 159
8.5 Heat in Chemical Reactions 165
8.6 Global Warming: The Greenhouse Effect 168
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION
Instant Relief! 169
Concepts in Review 170
Key Terms 170
Questions, Paired
Exercises, Additional Exercises 170
Challenge Exercises 173
Answers to Practice Exercises 173
IX. Calculation
from Chemical Equations(Chapter 9) (5) 174
9.1 A Short Review 175
9.2 Introduction to Stoichiometry: The
Mole-Ration Method 176
9.3 Mole-Mole Calculations 178
9.4 Mole-Mass Calculations 180
9.5 Mass-Mass Calculations 182
CHEMISTRY
IN ACTION
A
Shrinking Technology 184
9.6 Limiting-Reactant and
Yield Calculations 184
Concepts in Review 189
Key Terms 189
Questions, Paired
Exercises, Additional Exercises 190
Challenge Exercises 194
Answers to Practice Exercises 194
PUTTING IT TOGETHER
Review for Chapters 7-9 195
X. Modern Atomic Theory and the Periodic Table(Chapter10) (5) 199
10.1 A Brief History 200
10.2 Electromagnetic Radiation 200
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION
You Light Up My Life 201
10.3 The Bohr Atom 202
10.4 Energy Levels of
Electrons 203
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION
Atomic Clocks 206
10.5 Atomic Structures of the
First 18 Elements 206
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION
Ripples on the Surface 207
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION
Yes, We Can See Atoms! 209
10.6 Electron Structures and
the Periodic Table 211
Concepts in Review 216
Key Terms 216
Questions, Paired
Exercises, Additional Exercises 217
Challenge Exercises 220
Answers to Practice Exercises 220
XI. Chemical Bonds: The Formation of Compounds
from Atoms (Chapter 11) (4.5) 221
11.1 Periodic Trends in Atomic
Properties 222
11.2 Lewis Structure of Atoms 225
11.3 The Ionic Bond: Transfer
of Electrons from One Atom
To Another 227
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION
Superconductors: A new Frontier 232
11.4 Predicting Formulas of
Ionic Compounds 234
11.5 The Covalent bond: Sharing Electrons 236
11.6 Electronegativity 238
CHEMISTRY
IN ACTION
Goal! A Spherical Molecule 240
11.7 Lewis Structures of Compuounds 241
11.8 Complex Lewis Structures 244
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION
Cleaner Showers through Chemistry 245
11.9 Compounds Containing
Polyatomic Ions 247
11.10 Molecular Shape 247
11.11 The Valence Shell
Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) Model 248
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION
Strong Enough to Stop a Bullet? 251
Concepts in Review 252
Key Terms 252
Questions, Paired
Exercises, Additional Exercises 252
Challenge Exercises 256
Answers to Practice Exercises 256
PUTTING IT TOGETHER
Review for Chapter 10-11 257
XII. The
Gaseous State of
12.1 General Properties 261
12.2 The Kinetic-Molecular
Theory 261
12.3 Measurement of Pressure
of Gases 263
12.4 Dependence of Pressure on
Number of Molecules
and
Temperature 265
12.5 Boyle’s Law 267
12.6 Charle’s
Law 270
12.7 Gay-Lussac’s
Law 273
12.8 Standard Temperature and
Pressure 275
12.9 Combined Gas Laws 275
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION
Messenger Molecules 278
12.10
12.11 Avogadro’s Law 280
12.12 Mole-Mass-Volume Relationships of
Gases 281
12.13 Density of Gases 283
12.14 Ideal Gas Equation 284
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION
Physiological Effects of Pressure Changes 285
12.15 Gas Stoichiometry 287
12.16 Real Gases 291
12.17 Air Pollution 291
Concepts in Review 293
Key Terms 294
Questions, Paired
Exercises, Additional Exercises 294
Challenge Exercises 299
Answers to Practice Exercises 299
XIII. Water and the Properties of Liquids(Chapter 13) (4) 300
13.1 What Is a Liquid 301
13.2 Evaporation 301
13.3 Vapor Pressure 302
13.4 Surface Tension 303
13.5 Boiling Point 305
13.6 Freezing Point or Melting
Point 306
13.7 Change of State 307
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION
Comet
Power 308
13.8 Occurrence of Water 309
13.9 Physical Properties of
Water 309
13.10 Structure of the Water
Molecule 310
13.11 The Hydrogen Bond 311
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION
How Sweet It Is! 312
13.12 Formation and Chemical
Properties of Water 314
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION
Hot Ice—It’s a
Gas! 317
13.13 Hydrates 317
13.14 Water Purification 319
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION
Moisturizers 321
Concepts in Review 323
Key Terms 324
Questions, Paired Exercises, Additional Exercises 324
Answers to Practice
Exercises 327
XIV. Solutions(Chapter
14) (4) 328
14.1 General Properties of
Solutions 329
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION
Exploding Silicon 330
14.2 Solubility 330
14.3 Factors of Dissolving
Solids 332
14.4 Rate of Dissolving Solids 336
14.5 Solutions: A Reaction
Medium 337
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION
14.6 Concentration of
Solutions 338
14.7 Colligative
Properties of Solutions 347
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION
Microencapsulation 348
14.8 Osmosis and Osmotic
Pressure 352
Concepts in Review 354
Key
Terms 355
Questions, Paired
Exercises, Additional Exercises 355
Answers to Practice Exercises 360
PUTTING IT TOGETHER
Reviews for Chapters 12-14 361
XV. Acids,
Bases, and Salts(Chapter 15) (5) 365
15.1 Acids and Bases 366
15.2 Reactions to Acids 369
15.3 Reaction of Bases 370
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION
A Cool Fizz 371
15.4 Salts 371
15.5 Electrolytes and Nonelectrolytes 372
15.6 Dissociation and Ionization
of Electrolytes 373
15.7 Strong and Weak
Electrolytes 375
15.8 Ionization of Water 378
15.9 Introduction to pH 378
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION
In the Pink— Sign of
Corrosion 381
15.10 Neutralization 381
15.11 Writing Net Ionic Equations 384
15.12 Acid Rain 386
15.13 Colloids: An Introduction 388
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION
Foam Cars— Wave of the Future? 389
15.14 Properties of Colloids 389
15.15 Applications of
Colloidal Properties 390
Concepts in Review 391
Key Terms 391
Questions, Paired
Exercises, Additional Exercises 391
Challenge Exercises 395
Answers to Practice Exercises 395
XVI.
Chemical Equilibrium (Chapter 16) (2) 396
16.1 Reversible Reaction 397
16.2 Rate of Reaction 398
16.3 Chemical Equilibrium 399
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION
New Ways in Fighting Cavities and Avoiding
the Drill 400
16.4 Le Chatelier’s
Principle 401
16.5 Effect of Concentration
on Equilibrium 401
16.6 Effect of Volume on
Equilibrium 404
16.7 Effect of Temperature on
Equilibrium 405
16.8 Effect of Catalysts on
Equilibrium 406
16.9 Equilibrium Constants 407
16.10 Ion Product Constant for
Water 409
16.11 Ionization Constants 411
16.12 Solubility Product
Constant 414
16.13 Acid-Base Properties for
Salt 416
16.14 Buffer Solutions:
The Control of pH 417
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION
Exchange of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in the Blood 418
Concepts in Review 420
Key Terms 420
Questions, Paired
Exercises, Additional Exercises 420
Challenge Exercises 425
Answers to Practice Exercises 426
XVII. Oxidation-Reduction(Chapter
17) (??) 427
17.1 Oxidation Number 428
17.2 Oxidation Reduction 431
17.3 Balancing
Oxidation-Reduction Equations 432
17.4 Balancing Ionic Redox Equations 436
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION
Sensitive Sunglasses 437
17.5 Activity Series of Metals 440
17.6 Electrolytic and Voltaic
Cells 442
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION
Superbattery
Uses Hungry Iron Ions 447
Concepts in Review 448
Key Terms 448
Questions, Paired
Exercises, Additional Exercises 448
Challenge Exercises 452
Answers to Practice Exercises 452
PUTTING IT TOGETHER
Review for Chapters 15-17 453
XVIII.
Nuclear Chemistry(Chapter 18) (??) 457
18.1 Discovery of
Radioactivity 458
18.2 Natural Radioactivity 459
18.3 Alpha Particles, Beta
Particles, and Gamma Rays 462
18.4 Radioactive
Disintegration Series 465
18.5 Transmutation of Elements 466
18.6 Artificial Radioactivity 467
18.7 Measurement of
Radioactivity 467
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION
How Old Is This Object? 468
18.8 Nuclear Fission 469
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION
Does Your Food Glow in the Dark? 470
18.9 Nuclear Power 471
18.10 The Atomic Bomb 473
18.11 Nuclear Fusion 474
18.12 Mass-Energy Relationship
in Nuclear Reactions 475
18.13 Transuranium
Elements 476
18.14 Biological Effects of
Radiation 477
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION
A Window into Living Organisms 478
Concepts in Review 479
Key Terms 479
Questions, Paired
Exercises, Additional Exercises 479
Answers to Practice Exercises 482
XIX.
Introduction to Organic Chemistry(Chapter 19) (??) 483
19.1 The beginnings of Organic
Chemistry 484
19.2 The Carbon Atom 485
19.3 Hydrocarbons 486
19.4 Alkanes 487
19.5 Structural Formulas and
Isomerism 488
19.6 Naming Alkanes 491
19.7 Alkenes and Alkynes 496
19.8 Naming Alkenes and
Alkynes 497
19.9 Reactions of Alkenes 498
19.10 Aromatic Hydrocarbons 499
19.11 Naming Aromatic
Compounds 500
19.12 Hydrocarbons Derivatives 503
19.13 Alkyl Halides 504
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION
The End for Graffiti? 505
19.14 Alcohols 506
19.15 Naming Alcohols 508
19.16 Ethers 510
19.17 Aldehydes
and Ketones 512
19.18 Naming Aldehydes and Ketones 512
19.19 Carboxylic Acids 515
19.20 Esters 516
19.21 Polymers—Macromolecules 517
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION
Biodiesel: Today’s Alternative Fuel 518
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION
Getting Clothes CO² Clean 520
Concepts in Review 520
Key Terms 521
Questions, Paired
Exercises, Additional Exercises 521
Answers to Practice Exercises 526
XX.
Introduction to Biochemistry(Chapter 20) (??) 527
20.1 Chemistry in Living
Organisms 528
20.2 Carbohydrates 528
20.3 Lipids 533
20.4 Amino Acids and Proteins 536
20.5 Enzymes 543
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION
Industrial Strength Enzymes 545
20.6 Nucleic Acids 546
20.7 DNA and Genetics 550
Concepts in Review 552
Key Terms 552
Questions 553
Answers to Practice Exercises 555
PUTTING IT TOGETHER
Review for Chapters 18-20 557