CHM 2046C Module 11 Chapter 17 Sample Exam Answers

Part K: Key Terms Chapter 17 10 points

1. _ Acid ionization constant (K_a) _ – the equilibrium constant for the ionization of an acid in water. The general form for a generic acid HA is

[H₃O¹⁺][A^1-]

K_a = ---------------

[HA]

2. _ Acid-base adduct _ – the product from a Lewis acid-base reaction. In the acid-base adduct, the lone pair donated by the Lewis base is shared with an anion in the Lewis acid.

3. _ Amphiprotic ___ – a substance that can behave either as a Bronsted acid or a Bronsted base.

4. __ Amphoteric ______ – a substance that can behave as either an acid or a base.

5. _ Arrhenius acid _ – a material that produces H⁺ ions in aqueous solutions.

6. _ Arrhenius base __ – a material that produces OH ^– ions in aqueous solutions.

7. _ Autoionization __ – a process in which molecules of the same material react with each other to produce ions. The _________ of water produced both hydronium and hydroxide ions.

8. _ Base ionization constant (K_b) – the equilibrium constant for the ionization of a base in water. The general form for a generic base B is

[BH¹⁺][OH^1-]

K_b = ---------------

[B]

9. _Bronsted acid _ – a material that can donate a proton to another substance

10. _Bronsted base _ – a material that can accept a proton from another substance

11. _Complex ion (coordination complex _ – a metal ion that has Lewis bases joined to it by coordinate covalent bonds.

12. _Conjugate acid-base pair _ – two species that differ from each other by the presence of one H ⁺ ion.

13. _ Inductive effect __ - the attraction of electrons from adjacent bonds by an electronegative atom.

14. _ Ionization constant for water (K_w) _ – in a aqueous solution. K_w = [H₃O ⁺][OH ^-]

15. _ Lewis Acid _ – a material that accepts an electron pair in a chemical reaction

16. _ Lewis Base _ - A material that donates an electron pair in a chemical reaction

17. _ Monoprotic acid _ – a material that is capable of donating one proton per formula unit of the acid

18. _ Monoprotic base _ – a material that is capable of accepting only one proton per formula unit of the acid

19. _pH _ – the negative logarithm of the hydronium ion concentration

(pH = - log [H₃O⁺])

20. _pOH _– the negative logarithm of the hydroxide ion concentration

(pOH = - log [OH^-])

21. _ Polyprotic acid _ – a material capable of donating more than one proton per formula unit of the acid

22. _ Polyprotic base _ – a material capable of accepting more than one proton per formula unit of the base

Additional Terms:

23. _ Hydrolysis _ - is the reaction of a substance with water