CHM 2210C Chapter 6 Vocabulary

1. _______________ - Hydrocarbons which contain one or more double bonds are called ______

2. _______________- An _____ is an alkene hydrocarbon group with the formula H₂C=CH-CH₂-R.

3. _______________ - The ________ (also known as the index of hydrogen deficiency (IHD) or rings plus double bonds) formula is used in organic chemistry to help draw chemical structures. The formula lets the user determine how many rings, double bonds, and triple bonds are present in the compound to be drawn.

4. _______________- The cis/trans system for naming isomers is not effective when there are more than two different substituents on a double bond. The ______ should then be used. For each of the two atoms in the double bond, it is necessary to determine which of the two substituents is of a higher priority. If both of the substituents of higher priority are on the same side, the arrangement is __; if they are on opposite sides, the arrangement is __.

5. _______________ - These occur between alkenes and electrophiles, often halogens as in halogen addition reactions

7. _______________ - If two states, for example, a transition state and an unstable intermediate, occur consecutively during a reaction process and have nearly the same energy content, their interconversion will involve only a small reorganization of the molecular structures.

8._______________ - The heat of reaction for the hydrogenation of a double bond.

9. _______________ - ________ occur at 4n+1 positions in a suprafacial fashion, ______ can also occur at 4n+3 positions in an antarafacial fashion, but this is not observed in the 3 case due to geometrical constraints.

10. _______________ - is the stabilizing interaction that results from the interaction of the electrons in a sigma bond (usually C-H or C-C) with an adjacent empty (or partially filled) non-bonding p-orbital or antibonding π orbital or filled π orbital to give an extended molecular orbital that increases the stability of the system

11. _______________ - the rule states that with the addition of H-X to an alkene, the acid hydrogen (H) becomes attached to the carbon with the greatest number of hydrogens, and the halide (X) group becomes attached to the carbon with the fewest hydrogens

12. _______________ - R=CH₂ group (bound by one double bond)

13. _______________ - a chemical reaction in which one structural isomer is produced exclusively when other isomers are also theoretically possible

14. _______________ - the _______ is used to determine the relative priorities of substituents. This is important when specifying the configuration about a double bond or a stereocentre.

15. _______________ - any carbon structure contains double bonds, triple bonds or rings.

16. _______________ - R-CH=CH₂ group

17. _______________ - The cis/trans system for naming isomers is not effective when there are more than two different substituents on a double bond. The ____ notation should then be used. For each of the two atoms in the double bond, it is necessary to determine which of the two substituents is of a higher priority. If both of the substituents of higher priority are on the same side, the arrangement is ___; if they are on opposite sides, the arrangement is ___