Multiple Choice
1. The total amount of solid material dissolved in
water is known as ____________.
a. load
b. salinity
c. solute
d. total dissolved solids
2. The proportion of dissolved substances in
seawater is expressed as 0/00 which is the same as
____________.
a. parts per hundred
b. parts per thousand
c. parts per million
3. The most abundant salt in seawater is
____________.
a. KCl
b. MgCl2
c. NaCl
d. none of these
4. The dissolved materials in seawater are thought
to originate from chemical weathering of rocks on the continents and also from
____________.
a. organisms
b. evaporation of fresh water
c.
erosion
d. outgassing of elements from Earth’s interior
e. none of these
5. Salinity in the ocean is highest in regions
where ____________ is high and ____________ is low.
a. evaporation; precipitation
b. precipitation; evaporation
c. temperature; evaporation
d. precipitation; temperature
6. Desalination is not a viable source for
producing large amounts of fresh water because of ____________.
a. environmental regulations
b. technology
c. cost
d. all of these
7. A rapid change in temperature with depth in the
ocean is called the ____________.
a. homocline
b. thermocline
c. pycnocline
d. isocline
e. barocline
8. Thermoclines in the ocean are best developed at
____________.
a. lower latitudes
b. higher latitudes
c. both high and low latitudes
d. regions close to continents
9. The speed of sound in the ocean has been
measured to determine changes in ____________ of the ocean.
a. volume
b. salinity
c. temperature
d. density
e. none of these
10. A rapid
change in density with depth in the ocean is called the ____________.
a. homocline
b. thermocline
c. pycnocline
d. isocline
e. barocline
11. Density in
seawater is determined by ____________.
a. temperature
b. salinity
c. both a and b
d. none of these
12. Most marine animals live
near the surface of the ocean because of ____________, which supports
photosynthesis by marine algae that form the basis of the food chain.
a. sunlight
b. air
c. warmer temperatures
d. all of these
13. Organisms, such as algae and bacteria, that drift with ocean currents are known as ____________.
a. nekton
b. plankton
c. benthos organisms
d. biomass
e. none of these
14. The mass of all living organisms on Earth is called the
____________.
a. nekton
b. plankton
c. benthos organisms
d. biomass
15. Technically, algae are called ____________.
a. zooplankton
b. bioplankton
c. phytoplankton
d. nektoplankton
16. Animals capable of moving independently of the ocean currents, by swimming or other means of propulsion, are called ____________.
a. nekton
b. plankton
c. benthos organisms
d. biomass
17. ____________ organisms live on or in the ocean bottom.
a. Nektonic
b. Planktonic
c. Scavenging
d. Benthos
e. none of these
18. The upper part of the ocean into which sunlight penetrates is
called the ____________ zone.
a. thermal
b. Photic
c. life
d. mixing
19. The ____________ zone is the near-surface zone of the ocean where
light is strong enough for photosynthesis to occur.
a. Photic
b. aphotic
c. euphotic
d. synphotic
20. The area where the land and ocean meet and overlap is called the
____________ zone.
a. intertidal zone
b. neritic
c. oceanic
d. none of these
21. Seaward of the low tide line is called the ____________ zone.
a. intertidal zone
b. neritic
c. oceanic
d. none of these
22. Open ocean of any depth where animals swim or float freely is known
as the ____________ zone.
a. pelagic
b. benthic
c. abyssal
d. unrestricted
23. The amount of carbon fixed by organisms through the synthesis of
organic matter using energy derived from solar radiation is called
____________.
a. chemosynthesis
b. photosynthesis
c. primary productivity
d. none of these
24. Productivity is highest in
a. polar oceans
b. tropical oceans
c. temperate oceans
25. Productivity in temperate oceans is determined by ____________.
a. latitude
b. seasons
c. ocean currents
d. all of these
26. In the food chain, each feeding stage is called a ____________
level.
a. trophic
b. bios
c. replenishment
d. none of these
Word Analysis:
Examine the words and/or phrases for
each question below and determine the relationship among the majority of
words/phrases. Choose the option which does not fit the pattern.
27. a. sodium chloride b. magnesium chloride c. sodium sulfate d. carbon dioxide
28. a. plankton b. nekton c.
neritic d. benthos
29. a. photic zone b. intertidal zone c.
neritic zone d. oceanic
zone
True –
False
30. Salinity refers to all of the solid materials in seawater, both
dissolved and visible.
31. Halite (sodium chloride) is the
most abundant salt found in seawater.
32. Desalination is currently our
most productive and efficient source of fresh water.
33. The rapid change in temperature
with depth in the ocean is called the pycnocline.
34. Thermoclines in the ocean are
best developed at lower latitudes.
35. The density of seawater is
controlled by temperature and salinity.
36. Salinity is the most important
factor in the process of photosynthesis.
37. Plankton are organisms that swim freely
in the ocean.
38. Clams, sponges, and other
bottom-dwelling animals are called benthos organisms.
39. The upper part of the ocean
into which sunlight penetrates is called the photic zone.
40. The aphotic zone is the
near-surface zone of the ocean where light is strong enough for photosynthesis
to occur.
41. The neritic zone is where the
land and ocean meet and overlap.
42. The open ocean, regardless of
depth, where animals swim or float freely is called the abyssal zone.
43. Productivity in the oceans is
highest in tropical regions.
44. Feeding stages in the food chain are known as trophic levels.
Short
Answer/Fill-in-the-Blank
45. ____________ refers to the total amount of
dissolved materials in water.
46. The emission of water vapor and other gases
from volcanoes is called _____________.
47. The removal of salts and other chemicals to
extract fresh water from seawater is called ____________.
48. ____________ refers to the change in
temperature with depth in the ocean.
49. The pycnocline is a rapid change in
____________ with depth in the ocean.
50. ____________ include all organisms that drift
with ocean currents.
51. ____________ refers to the mass of all living
organisms on Earth.
52. Among plankton, animals that drift on ocean
currents are specifically known as ____________.
53. Clams, sponges, and crabs are all examples of
____________ organisms.
54. Marine organisms are influenced by a variety
of physical oceanographic factors including ____________, ____________, and
____________.
55. The ____________ zone refers to the area where
the land and ocean meet and overlap.
56. The ____________ zone refers to areas of the
ocean, regardless of depth, where animals swim or float freely.
57. ____________ level refers to each of the feeding stages in the food chain.
Critical Thinking and Discussion Questions.
Use complete sentences,
correct spelling, and the information presented in Chapter 14 to answer the
questions below.
58. Discuss variations in temperature and density
of seawater with depth in the oceans. Please use Figure 14.3 to help with your
discussion. What are the key factors that influence or control temperature and
density? Are these variations the same worldwide or are they specific to
certain regions? Explain.
level:
2
59. What is the relationship of marine life zones
to the distance from a given shoreline? Briefly discuss the factors that control
or cause these different zones. Where are these factors on Figure 14.10 below
and is one factor more important than the others?
level:
2
